Shi Daoyuan(施道渊): Ming-Qing Dynasty Taoist & Builder

Shi Daoyuan(施道渊): Ming-Qing Dynasty Taoist & Builder

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Shi Daoyuan (? - 1678), styled Liangsheng and self-titled Tiezhu Daoren (Taoist of Iron Bamboo), was a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu. He was a renowned Taoist priest in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.


Legend has it that Shi Daoyuan was born into a poor family and later became a monk to practice Taoism, residing in Qionglong Mountain. One day, while he was reciting the Jade Emperor Sutra, when he reached the passage: "Command the East, Donghua Emperor, the green-robed immortal soldiers and horses, countless in number, all to descend, protect and guard those who uphold and recite this sutra", it so happened that Prince Yu, the emperor's uncle, was passing by the foot of Qionglong Mountain. He vaguely heard a commotion like a bustling crowd, clashing swords and neighing horses from the mountain, which made him very puzzled. He then took two attendants to climb the peak. When they reached the top, they saw only a few thatched cottages, with the sound of wooden fish coming from inside, but no sign of people or horses. Entering the cottage, they only saw a Taoist priest sitting upright with a serious expression, muttering words. Prince Yu felt that this person was extraordinary.


Prince Yu then had a long talk with Shi Daoyuan, sitting knee to knee. Shi Daoyuan said, "I have seen through the mortal world. I think Qionglong Mountain allows me to practice Taoism in tranquility, which is indeed an ideal place." Prince Yu said, "In that case, why not build more halls and create a grand cause?" Shi Daoyuan smiled and said, "How could a poor Taoist like me have such a huge amount of money?" Prince Yu thought for a moment and said, "As long as the master plans the budget, it will eventually come true. However, the Taoist temple is better built on Sanmao Peak." Shi Daoyuan nodded in agreement.


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Before long, the imperial court allocated silver to build Shangzhen Temple on Qionglong Mountain. In the 17th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1678), Shi Daoyuan passed away. Shangzhen Temple, after being renovated during the Kangxi, Daoguang, and Tongzhi reigns, reached an unprecedented scale, with "towering double gate towers, resplendent jade palaces, and magnificent towers and pavilions reaching up to the sky".

 

The Daoist Tradition: Core Principles

Wu Wei (無為) - Effortless Action

We practice wu wei, often misunderstood as "doing nothing." In truth, it means acting in harmony with natural flow, like water finding its course down a mountain - powerful yet yielding, persistent yet gentle.

Yin-Yang (陰陽) - Dynamic Balance

Everything contains its opposite. Light defines darkness, strength reveals gentleness, life gives meaning to death. We seek balance, not through forced equilibrium, but through understanding these natural rhythms.

Ziran (自然) - Spontaneous Nature

"That which is so of itself" - we cultivate authenticity, allowing our true nature to emerge without artificial constraints or social pretensions.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Daoist

Traditional Role Modern Application Key Practices
Spiritual Guide Counseling and wisdom sharing Meditation instruction, life guidance
Healer Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture, herbal medicine, qigong
Scholar Preserving ancient texts Studying classics, calligraphy, poetry
Ritual Master Ceremonial functions Funerals, blessings, seasonal celebrations
Alchemist Inner cultivation Breathing techniques, energy work, longevity practices

The Path of Cultivation

Our journey involves multiple dimensions of practice:

External Alchemy (Waidan 外丹)

In ancient times, we sought the elixir of immortality through laboratory work with minerals and herbs. Today, we understand this was always a metaphor for inner transformation.

Internal Alchemy (Neidan 內丹)

The true work - refining our inner essence through:

  • Jing (精) - Physical essence and vitality
  • Qi (氣) - Life energy and breath
  • Shen (神) - Spirit and consciousness

Classical Studies

We immerse ourselves in foundational texts:

  • Dao De Jing (道德經) by Laozi - The fundamental scripture
  • Zhuangzi (莊子) - Philosophical parables and wisdom
  • I Ching (易經) - The Book of Changes
  • Various lineage texts specific to our school or tradition

Daily Life of a Daoist

Dawn breaks, and I begin with standing meditation in the courtyard. The morning qi is fresh and pure - perfect for cultivation. After internal exercises, I might tend to medicinal herbs, study classical texts, or prepare for visitors seeking guidance.

Unlike the common perception of hermits living on remote mountains (though some certainly do), many of us engage actively with our communities. We serve as bridges between the ancient wisdom and contemporary needs.

Daoist Lineages and Schools

The Daoist tradition encompasses numerous schools:

Major Traditions

  • Quanzhen (全真) - "Complete Perfection" - Emphasizes celibacy and monastic life
  • Tianshi (天師) - "Celestial Masters" - Hereditary priesthood allowing marriage
  • Shangqing (上清) - "Supreme Clarity" - Focuses on meditation and scripture study
  • Lingbao (靈寶) - "Sacred Jewel" - Emphasizes ritual and community service

Each lineage carries its own practices, texts, and approaches to cultivation, yet all flow from the same source.

Common Misconceptions

Let me address some misunderstandings that often arise:

"Daoists are passive and withdrawn" - We practice strategic non-action, which often requires great wisdom and engagement to know when and how to act.

"It's all about individual enlightenment" - While personal cultivation is essential, we emphasize harmony with family, community, and nature. True wisdom serves all beings.

"Daoists reject technology and progress" - We adapt to changing times while maintaining core principles. The Dao includes everything - ancient and modern, simple and complex.

The Western Encounter

In recent decades, Daoist practices have found fertile ground in Western soil. Meditation centers, martial arts schools, and healing practices have introduced millions to our way. Yet something essential often gets lost in translation.

True Daoism cannot be packaged into weekend workshops or self-help formulas. It requires patient cultivation, deep study, and often guidance from those who have walked the path before you.

An Invitation

If these words resonate with something deep within you, perhaps the Dao is calling you home. Start simply - observe nature, practice quiet sitting, read the classics with an open heart. Find teachers who embody the principles rather than merely discussing them.

The path of the Daoist is not for everyone, but for those called to it, it offers profound transformation and lasting peace. We become like water - soft yet unstoppable, humble yet powerful, clear yet reflecting all things.

In the end, we discover that the Dao we sought was never lost. It flows through every breath, every heartbeat, every moment of genuine presence. We simply learn to stop interfering with what was already perfect.

May your journey be blessed with clarity and wonder.


Shi Daoyuan
In the tradition of the ancient sages

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