The Great Encyclopedia of Taoism

La Ji — Ancient Chinese Year-End Winter Sacrifice 腊祭

La Ji — Ancient Chinese Year-End Winter Sacrifi...

Paul Peng

La Ji (腊祭) is the ancient Chinese year-end winter sacrifice offering hunted game to ancestors and the hundred spirits, precursor to the modern Laba Festival.

La Ji — Ancient Chinese Year-End Winter Sacrifi...

Paul Peng

La Ji (腊祭) is the ancient Chinese year-end winter sacrifice offering hunted game to ancestors and the hundred spirits, precursor to the modern Laba Festival.

Xi Si — Continuous Sacrificial Tradition in Chinese Ritual 系祀

Xi Si — Continuous Sacrificial Tradition in Chi...

Paul Peng

Xi Si (系祀) is the ancient Chinese concept of unbroken sacrificial continuity across generations, rooted in the Shuowen Jiezi definition of si as sacrifice without end.

Xi Si — Continuous Sacrificial Tradition in Chi...

Paul Peng

Xi Si (系祀) is the ancient Chinese concept of unbroken sacrificial continuity across generations, rooted in the Shuowen Jiezi definition of si as sacrifice without end.

Ji Dian — The Canon of Chinese Sacrificial Rituals 祭典

Ji Dian — The Canon of Chinese Sacrificial Ritu...

Paul Peng

Ji Dian (祭典) is the comprehensive Chinese sacrificial canon covering objects, methods, schedules, and hierarchies of state, temple, and ancestral rites.

Ji Dian — The Canon of Chinese Sacrificial Ritu...

Paul Peng

Ji Dian (祭典) is the comprehensive Chinese sacrificial canon covering objects, methods, schedules, and hierarchies of state, temple, and ancestral rites.

Zhuo Xian — Wine Offering Ritual in Chinese Sacrifice 酌献

Zhuo Xian — Wine Offering Ritual in Chinese Sac...

Paul Peng

Zhuo Xian (酌献) is the ancient Chinese ritual of presenting wine to deities and ancestors during sacrifice, later adapted into Taoist liturgy with water and flower substitutes.

Zhuo Xian — Wine Offering Ritual in Chinese Sac...

Paul Peng

Zhuo Xian (酌献) is the ancient Chinese ritual of presenting wine to deities and ancestors during sacrifice, later adapted into Taoist liturgy with water and flower substitutes.

Tai Tan — Grand Altar for Ancient Chinese Heaven Sacrifice 泰坛

Tai Tan — Grand Altar for Ancient Chinese Heave...

Paul Peng

Tai Tan (泰坛) is the grand earthen altar at the southern suburb where the ancient Chinese Heaven sacrifice was conducted by burning firewood to carry offerings to the celestial realm.

Tai Tan — Grand Altar for Ancient Chinese Heave...

Paul Peng

Tai Tan (泰坛) is the grand earthen altar at the southern suburb where the ancient Chinese Heaven sacrifice was conducted by burning firewood to carry offerings to the celestial realm.

Xiao Si — Minor Sacrifice in Ancient Chinese State Ritual 小祀

Xiao Si — Minor Sacrifice in Ancient Chinese St...

Paul Peng

Xiao Si (小祀) is the lowest grade of ancient Chinese state sacrifice, offering only animal victims to lesser spirits including Siming, Fengshi, Yushi, and mountain and river spirits.

Xiao Si — Minor Sacrifice in Ancient Chinese St...

Paul Peng

Xiao Si (小祀) is the lowest grade of ancient Chinese state sacrifice, offering only animal victims to lesser spirits including Siming, Fengshi, Yushi, and mountain and river spirits.