The Three Officials (Sanguan Dadi) 三官大帝

The Three Officials (Sanguan Dadi) 三官大帝

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The Three Officials (Sanguan Dadi) refer to the three celestial deities worshipped in Taoism: the Heavenly Official, the Earthly Official, and the Water Official. Their origin can be traced back to ancient Chinese beliefs in heaven, earth, and water. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Zhang Daoling founded the Tianshi Dao (Celestial Master Taoism), worshipping the Three Officials (Heaven, Earth, and Water) and submitting handwritten petitions to them became a method for Taoists to pray for healing.


  • The Heavenly Official, also known as "the First Rank Heavenly Official of Shangyuan who Bestows Blessings" (Shangyuan Yipin Cifu Tianguan), is namely the Purple Tenuity Emperor (Ziwei Dadi) and belongs to the Jade Pure Realm (Yuqing Jing). Formed from the vital energies of blue, yellow, and white, the Heavenly Official presides over all celestial emperors. On the 15th day of the first lunar month each year, he descends to the mortal world to assess people’s merits and sins, hence the title "the Heavenly Official Bestows Blessings." His birthday is celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month.
  • The Earthly Official, also known as "the Second Rank Earthly Official of Zhongyuan who Pardons Sins" (Zhongyuan Erpin Shezui Diguan), is namely the Pure Void Emperor (Qingxu Dadi) and belongs to the Supreme Pure Realm (Shangqing Jing). Formed from the vital energy of primal cave spiritual chaos and the essence of extreme yellow, the Earthly Official governs all local deities, including the Five Emperors and the Five Sacred Mountains. On the 15th day of the seventh lunar month each year, he comes to the mortal world to examine sins and merits, granting pardons to people, hence the title "the Earthly Official Pardons Sins." His birthday is on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month.
  • The Water Official, also known as "the Third Rank Water Official of Xiayuan who Resolves Calamities" (Xiayuan Sanpin Jie'e Shuiguan), is namely the Grotto Yin Emperor (Dongyin Dadi) and belongs to the Jade Pure Realm (Yuqing Jing). Formed from the vital energy of wind and moisture, and the essence of morning radiance, the Water Official presides over all major deities in water. On the 15th day of the tenth lunar month each year, he descends to the mortal world to assess sins and merits, alleviating disasters for people, hence the title "the Water Official Resolves Calamities." His birthday is on the 15th day of the tenth lunar month.

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