The Great Encyclopedia of Taoism

Figures of Taoism: Li Zhi 李至

Figures of Taoism: Li Zhi 李至

Li Zhi (947–1001), a Northern Song scholar and official, blended literary excellence with Daoist philosophy. He advocated Laozi’s ideals of quietude, softness, non-contention, and knowing when to retreat, emphasizing self-cultivation,...

Figures of Taoism: Li Zhi 李至

Li Zhi (947–1001), a Northern Song scholar and official, blended literary excellence with Daoist philosophy. He advocated Laozi’s ideals of quietude, softness, non-contention, and knowing when to retreat, emphasizing self-cultivation,...

Figures of Taoism: Luo Congyan 罗从彦

Figures of Taoism: Luo Congyan 罗从彦

Luo Congyan (1072–1135), a Song Neo-Confucian, bridged Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi. Influenced by Daoist thought, he emphasized "quietude" and "emptiness," advocating inner stillness, self-sufficiency, and spiritual freedom, blending Confucian...

Figures of Taoism: Luo Congyan 罗从彦

Luo Congyan (1072–1135), a Song Neo-Confucian, bridged Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi. Influenced by Daoist thought, he emphasized "quietude" and "emptiness," advocating inner stillness, self-sufficiency, and spiritual freedom, blending Confucian...

Figures of Taoism: Zheng Lue 郑略

Figures of Taoism: Zheng Lue 郑略

Zheng Lüe, a late Tang Daoist and chancellor, elevated Dao as the supreme, eternal principle preceding heaven and earth. He positioned Daoism as the "Lord of Ten Thousand Teachings," superior...

Figures of Taoism: Zheng Lue 郑略

Zheng Lüe, a late Tang Daoist and chancellor, elevated Dao as the supreme, eternal principle preceding heaven and earth. He positioned Daoism as the "Lord of Ten Thousand Teachings," superior...

Figures of Taoism: Wunengzi 无能子

Figures of Taoism: Wunengzi 无能子

"Wunengzi," a late Tang Daoist, advocated radical Daoism amid social chaos. He proposed a materialist qi-based cosmology, rejected hierarchy, criticized civilization's moral constructs, and championed natural spontaneity over artificial order,...

Figures of Taoism: Wunengzi 无能子

"Wunengzi," a late Tang Daoist, advocated radical Daoism amid social chaos. He proposed a materialist qi-based cosmology, rejected hierarchy, criticized civilization's moral constructs, and championed natural spontaneity over artificial order,...

Figures of Taoism: Lu Xisheng 陆希声

Figures of Taoism: Lu Xisheng 陆希声

Lu Xisheng (d. ~901), Tang scholar, compared Confucianism and Daoism, viewing them as complementary. He championed Laozi’s philosophy as supreme, emphasizing zhi (substance) over wen (form), and critiqued later misinterpretations...

Figures of Taoism: Lu Xisheng 陆希声

Lu Xisheng (d. ~901), Tang scholar, compared Confucianism and Daoism, viewing them as complementary. He championed Laozi’s philosophy as supreme, emphasizing zhi (substance) over wen (form), and critiqued later misinterpretations...

Figures of Taoism: Zhao Ziqin 赵自勤

Figures of Taoism: Zhao Ziqin 赵自勤

Zhao Ziqin, a Tang scholar, unified Daoist "void" with Buddhist "emptiness," viewing form and void as one, and ultimate reality as timeless, formless, and beyond duality.

Figures of Taoism: Zhao Ziqin 赵自勤

Zhao Ziqin, a Tang scholar, unified Daoist "void" with Buddhist "emptiness," viewing form and void as one, and ultimate reality as timeless, formless, and beyond duality.