Tao Te Ching Chapter 68 – 配天 (道德经 第68章)

Tao Te Ching Chapter 68 – 配天 (道德经 第68章)

Paul Peng

Tao Te Ching — Chapter 68: Matching Heaven

道德经 第六十八章 · 配天 · Lao Tzu · Bilingual Edition with Classical Commentaries

📖 Taoist Scripture 🖋 Lao Tzu 🔲 Chapter 68 of 81 🌐 English & Chinese

Original Text — 原文

善为士者,不武;善战者,不怒;善胜敌者,不与;善用人者,为之下。是谓不争之德,是谓用人之力,是谓配天古之极。

English Translation — James Legge

He who in the Dao’s wars has skill assumes no martial port; he who fights with most good will to rage makes no resort; he who vanquishes yet still keeps from his foes apart; he whose commands men most fulfil yet humbly plies his art.

Thus we say, ‘He never contends, and therein is his might.’ Thus we say, ‘Men’s wills he bends, that they with him unite.’ Thus we say, ‘Like Heaven’s his ends, no sage of old more bright.’ As shown in Chapter 66, because the sage does not strive, no one can strive with him — and Chapter 67 shows that gentleness, not force, is the first of the three treasures that Heaven protects.

✦ Key Insight

Chapter 68 presents four paradoxes of the skilled person: the best warrior is not warlike; the best fighter does not get angry; the best victor does not engage; the best leader places himself below others. These four are not weaknesses but the highest expressions of strength. Together they constitute the virtue of non-contention (bu zheng zhi de 不争之德) — the ability to use others’ strength, and to match the ancient ultimate of Heaven.


Classical Commentaries — 古典注释

王弼注 Wang Bi's Commentary

善为士者不武,士,卒之帅也。武,尚先陵人也。善战者不怒,后而不先,应而不唱,故不在怒。善胜敌者不与,不与争也。善用人者为之下,是谓不争之德,是谓用人之力,用人而不为之,下则力不为用也。是谓配天古之极。

Wang Bi says the skilled warrior is not warlike, the skilled fighter does not anger, the skilled victor does not engage. The skilled leader places himself below others. This is the virtue of non-contention, matching Heaven’s ancient ultimate.

河上公注 Heshang Gong's Commentary

善为士者不武,言贵道德,不好武力也。善战者不怒,善以道战者,禁邪于胸心,绝祸于未萌,无所诛怒也。善胜敌者不与,善以道胜敌者,附近以仁,来远以德,不与敌争,而敌自服也。善用人者为之下。善用人自辅佐者,常为人执谦下也。是谓不争之德,谓上为之下也。是乃不与人争之道德也。是谓用人之力,能身为人下,是谓用人臣之力也。是谓配天古之极。能行此者,德配天也。是乃古之极要道也。

Heshang Gong says those who value the Dao do not love military force. The skilled victor conquers through benevolence and virtue, not through contention. This virtue matches Heaven — it is the ancient and essential Way.


Primary Sources: Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching (道德经), trans. James Legge (1891). Commentaries: Wang Bi (王弼, 226–249 CE); Heshang Gong (河上公, Han Dynasty).
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Paul Peng — Zhengyi Taoist Priest, Longhu Mountain

About the Author

Paul Peng

Paul Peng is a Zhengyi Taoist priest from Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi — the ancestral home of the Celestial Masters' tradition. Ordained at 25 after a dream from the Celestial Master, he has practiced for 25 years under Master Zeng Guangliang. He is the curator of this store, which is officially authorized by Tianshi Fu. All items are consecrated at the temple by the resident priest team.

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