Fu Feiqing 付飞卿 — Jingming Daoist and Commentator on the Lunar Scripture
Paul PengFu Feiqing 付飞卿 was a Daoist priest of the Jingming School (净明道 — School of Pure Clarity) active from the late Song Dynasty into the early Yuan period. The Jingming School — rooted in the tradition of Xu Xun (许逢, 239–374 CE), the patron saint of Jiangxi — was distinctive among Daoist schools for its emphasis on filial piety and moral cultivation as the foundation of Daoist practice. Fu Feiqing's contribution was a set of annotations on the Lingbao Jingming Huangsu Scripture of the Filial Piety Immortal King and the Great Yin Yuanjun of the Lunar Palace on High — a text that brought together the Jingming tradition's emphasis on filial piety with the veneration of the Great Yin Yuanjun (太阴元君 — Supreme Primordial Lady of the Moon), the divine ruler of the lunar palace. The work was preserved in the Daozang under the Methods Category of the Dongxuan section.
The Jingming School (净明道 — Pure Clarity Daoism) was one of the most distinctive Daoist traditions of the Song-Yuan period. Founded in the tradition of Xu Xun — a Han-period official from Jiangxi who was venerated as a Daoist immortal and the patron saint of the region — the Jingming School placed filial piety (孝 — xiao) and loyalty (忠 — zhong) at the center of Daoist cultivation. Where other Daoist schools emphasized inner alchemical practice, ritual performance, or philosophical contemplation as the primary path to the Dao, the Jingming School taught that the fulfillment of one's moral obligations — above all, the obligation of filial piety toward one's parents and ancestors — was itself a form of Daoist cultivation.
The scripture that Fu Feiqing annotated — the Lingbao Jingming Huangsu Scripture of the Filial Piety Immortal King and the Great Yin Yuanjun of the Lunar Palace on High — brought together two distinct but complementary dimensions of Daoist religious life. The first was the Jingming tradition's characteristic emphasis on filial piety, embodied in the figure of the "Filial Piety Immortal King" (孝道仙王) — a divine figure who represented the ultimate fulfillment of the filial obligation, the point at which human moral virtue and divine attainment converged.
The second was the veneration of the Great Yin Yuanjun (太阴元君 — Supreme Primordial Lady of the Moon) — the divine ruler of the lunar palace, associated with the yin principle, the moon's light, and the feminine dimension of cosmic order. The moon in Daoist cosmology was understood as the great yin luminary, complementary to the sun as the great yang luminary, and its divine ruler was a figure of considerable importance in the Daoist pantheon.
Fu Feiqing's annotations were preserved in the Daozang under the Methods Category (方法类) of the Dongxuan (洞玄 — Cavern of Mystery) section. The Dongxuan section of the Daozang was associated with the Lingbao (灵宝 — Numinous Treasure) tradition — one of the most important streams of Daoist ritual and textual practice. The classification of Fu Feiqing's annotations in the Methods Category of this section indicated that the work was understood as a practical guide to the ritual and devotional methods associated with the scripture, rather than a purely philosophical or historical commentary.
