The great achievement appears incomplete — this refers to a sage ruler who has achieved great virtue and morality. "Appearing incomplete" means to eliminate fame and conceal reputation, as if damaged or lacking. Its use does not become exhausted; if one's mind is used in this way, there will be no time when it becomes depleted. The great fullness appears empty — this refers to a sage ruler whose virtue and morality are greatly abundant. "Appearing empty" means that when one is noble, one dares not be arrogant; when rich, one dares not indulge in luxury. Its use does not run out; if one's mind is used like this, there will be no time of exhaustion or end. The most upright appears as if bent. "Great uprightness" means cultivating the Dao, adhering to laws and standards with unwavering integrity. "Appearing as if bent" means not competing with ordinary people, seeming as though one can be bent or broken. The great skill appears clumsy. "Great skill" refers to possessing abundant talent and techniques. "Appearing clumsy" means one also dares not show off one's abilities. The great orator appears hesitant to speak. A great orator is one whose wisdom has no doubts; appearing hesitant to speak means the mouth does not provoke or agitate. Restraint overcomes cold — Sheng means extreme. In spring and summer, the yang energy is intense and rapid above; all things flourish greatly. When it reaches its extreme, cold follows, and with cold comes withering, falling, and death. This means that people should not be rigid or impetuous. Stillness overcomes heat — in autumn and winter, all things are quiet beneath the yellow springs; when it reaches its extreme, warmth returns, for warmth is the source of life. Clarity and stillness can serve as the upholder of righteousness in the world. If one is able to be clear and tranquil, then one becomes a leader for all under heaven; maintaining personal integrity ensures there will never be an end. This is the essence of wu wei — the sage does not strive, yet nothing is left undone. True virtue conceals itself, and in concealing itself, endures.