To pursue learning is to increase day by day. Learning refers to the study of political instruction, rites, and music. Increasing day by day means that desires and embellishments grow more each day. To pursue the Dao is to diminish day by day. The Dao refers to the natural way of things. Diminishing day by day means that desires and adornments gradually fade away. To diminish again and again, to eliminate desires, and to diminish further, so as to gradually remove them, until one reaches non-action, when one is tranquil and indifferent like an infant, doing nothing of one's own accord. Non-action yet there is nothing that remains undone. When desires are severed and virtue unites with the Dao, then nothing will be withheld, and there will be no action left undone. To govern the world is always to do so without unnecessary actions. "Qu" means "to govern." Governing the world should be done through inaction and not through laborious or burdensome measures. When there are affairs to attend to, it is insufficient for governing the world. When one becomes fond of managing affairs, governance and instruction become burdensome, and the people will not find peace; thus, it is insufficient to govern the world.