Tao Te Ching Chapter 43 – 偏用 (道德經 第43章)
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Tao Te Ching — Chapter 43: The Universal Use of Non-Action
道德經 第四十三章 · 偏用 · Lao Tzu · Bilingual Edition with Classical Commentaries
Original Text — 原文
English Translation — James Legge
The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the hardest; that which has no substantial existence enters where there is no crevice. I know hereby what advantage belongs to doing nothing with a purpose.
There are few in the world who attain to the teaching without words, and the advantage arising from non-action. As explored in Chapter 40, the Dao moves by returning and operates through weakness — the softest force in existence.
✦ Key Insight
Chapter 43 is one of the shortest in the Tao Te Ching, yet among the most concentrated. The softest thing in the world — water, breath, the formless — overcomes the hardest. Non-being enters where there is no gap. From this Lao Tzu draws his central practical conclusion: non-action (wu wei 無為) is beneficial. The teaching without words and the benefit of non-action are rarely matched in the world — few truly attain them.
Classical Commentaries — 古典注释
王弼注 Wang Bi's Commentary
Wang Bi observes that the softest thing drives through the hardest. Non-being enters where there is no gap. From this he understands the benefit of non-action. The teaching without words and the benefit of non-action are rarely matched in the world.
河上公注 Heshang Gong's Commentary
Heshang Gong says water is the softest thing, yet it penetrates solid metal and stone. The Dao, formless and without substance, passes through all gaps. The teaching without words and the benefit of non-action bring more benefit to spirit and state than endless toil.
About the Author
Paul Peng
Paul Peng is a Zhengyi Taoist priest from Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi — the ancestral home of the Celestial Masters' tradition. Ordained at 25 after a dream from the Celestial Master, he has practiced for 25 years under Master Zeng Guangliang. He is the curator of this store, which is officially authorized by Tianshi Fu. All items are consecrated at the temple by the resident priest team.
Read his full story →