Tao Te Ching Chapter 43 – 偏用 (道德經 第43章)

Tao Te Ching Chapter 43 – 偏用 (道德經 第43章)

Paul Peng

Tao Te Ching — Chapter 43: The Universal Use of Non-Action

道德經 第四十三章 · 偏用 · Lao Tzu · Bilingual Edition with Classical Commentaries

📖 Taoist Scripture 🖋 Lao Tzu 🔢 Chapter 43 of 81 🌐 English & Chinese

Original Text — 原文

天下之至柔,馳騁天下之至堅。無有入無間,吾是以知無為之有益。不言之教,無為之益,天下希及之。

English Translation — James Legge

The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the hardest; that which has no substantial existence enters where there is no crevice. I know hereby what advantage belongs to doing nothing with a purpose.

There are few in the world who attain to the teaching without words, and the advantage arising from non-action. As explored in Chapter 40, the Dao moves by returning and operates through weakness — the softest force in existence.

✦ Key Insight

Chapter 43 is one of the shortest in the Tao Te Ching, yet among the most concentrated. The softest thing in the world — water, breath, the formless — overcomes the hardest. Non-being enters where there is no gap. From this Lao Tzu draws his central practical conclusion: non-action (wu wei 無為) is beneficial. The teaching without words and the benefit of non-action are rarely matched in the world — few truly attain them.


Classical Commentaries — 古典注释

王弼注 Wang Bi's Commentary

天下之至柔,馳騁天下之至堅。氣無所不入,水無所不出於經。無有入無間,吾是以知無為之有益也。虛無柔弱,無所不通,無有不可窮,至柔不可折,以此推之,故知無為之有益也。不言之教,無為之益,天下希及之。

Wang Bi observes that the softest thing drives through the hardest. Non-being enters where there is no gap. From this he understands the benefit of non-action. The teaching without words and the benefit of non-action are rarely matched in the world.

河上公注 Heshang Gong's Commentary

天下之至柔,馳騁天下之至堅。至柔者,水也。至堅者,金石也。水能貫堅入剛,無所不通。無有入無間。無有謂道也。道無形質,故能出入無間,通神明濟群生也。吾是以知無為之有益。吾見道無為而萬物自化成,是以知無為之有益於人也。不言之教,法道不言,師之以身。無為之益,法道無為,治身則有益於精神,治國則有益於萬民,不勞煩也。天下希及之。天下,人主也。希能有及道無為之治身治國也。

Heshang Gong says water is the softest thing, yet it penetrates solid metal and stone. The Dao, formless and without substance, passes through all gaps. The teaching without words and the benefit of non-action bring more benefit to spirit and state than endless toil.


Primary Sources: Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching (道德經), trans. James Legge (1891). Commentaries: Wang Bi (王弼, 226–249 CE); Heshang Gong (河上公, Han Dynasty).
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Paul Peng — Zhengyi Taoist Priest, Longhu Mountain

About the Author

Paul Peng

Paul Peng is a Zhengyi Taoist priest from Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi — the ancestral home of the Celestial Masters' tradition. Ordained at 25 after a dream from the Celestial Master, he has practiced for 25 years under Master Zeng Guangliang. He is the curator of this store, which is officially authorized by Tianshi Fu. All items are consecrated at the temple by the resident priest team.

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