Tao Te Ching Chapter 71 – 知病 (道德经 第71章)

Tao Te Ching Chapter 71 – 知病 (道德经 第71章)

Paul Peng

Tao Te Ching — Chapter 71: The Disease of Knowing

道德经 第七十一章 · 知病 · Lao Tzu · Bilingual Edition with Classical Commentaries

📖 Taoist Scripture 🖋 Lao Tzu 🔲 Chapter 71 of 81 🌐 English & Chinese

Original Text — 原文

知不知上;不知知病。夫唯病病,是以不病。圣人不病,以其病病,是以不病。

English Translation — James Legge

To know and yet think we do not know is the highest attainment; not to know and yet think we do know is a disease.

It is simply by being pained at the thought of having this disease that we are preserved from it. The sage has not the disease. As shown in Chapter 56, those who know do not speak and those who speak do not know — true knowledge conceals itself. And as Chapter 70 shows, the sage wears coarse cloth while carrying jade within — outwardly unknowing, inwardly luminous. He knows the pain that would be inseparable from the disease of false knowing, and therefore he does not have it.

✦ Key Insight

Chapter 71 is one of the shortest and most concentrated in the Tao Te Ching. Its logic is precise: knowing while appearing not to know is the highest state; not knowing while appearing to know is a disease. The cure is awareness of the disease itself — to feel it as a disease is to be free of it. The sage is free because he is always aware of the danger of false knowing. This is not false modesty but genuine epistemic humility: the recognition that the Dao exceeds all concepts and claims.


Classical Commentaries — 古典注释

王弼注 Wang Bi's Commentary

知不知上,不知知病。不知知之不足任则病也。夫唯病病,是以不病。圣人不病,以其病病,是以不病。

Wang Bi states that knowing without seeming to know is superior; not knowing while seeming to know is a disease. Recognizing this disease as a disease is the cure. The sage is free from this disease because he recognizes it.

河上公注 Heshang Gong's Commentary

知不知上,知道言不知,是乃德之上。不知知病。不知道言知,是乃德之病。夫唯病病,是以不病。夫唯能病苦众人有强知之病,是以不自病也。刣人不病,以其病病,是以不病。圣人无此强知之病者,以其常苦众人有此病,以此非人,故不自病。夫刣人怀通达之知,托于不知者,欲使天下质朴忠正,各守纯性。小人不知道意,而姄行强知之事以自显著,内伤精神,减寿消年也。

Heshang Gong says knowing the Dao yet claiming ignorance is the highest virtue. The sage hides his penetrating knowledge, feigning ignorance, so that the world may remain simple and honest. The ignorant who insist they know bring harm to themselves.


Primary Sources: Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching (道德经), trans. James Legge (1891). Commentaries: Wang Bi (王弼, 226–249 CE); Heshang Gong (河上公, Han Dynasty).
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Paul Peng — Zhengyi Taoist Priest, Longhu Mountain

About the Author

Paul Peng

Paul Peng is a Zhengyi Taoist priest from Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi — the ancestral home of the Celestial Masters' tradition. Ordained at 25 after a dream from the Celestial Master, he has practiced for 25 years under Master Zeng Guangliang. He is the curator of this store, which is officially authorized by Tianshi Fu. All items are consecrated at the temple by the resident priest team.

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