The Great Encyclopedia of Taoism

Xiang Nuo (乡傩): The Ancient Chinese Village Exorcism Ritual

Xiang Nuo (乡傩): The Ancient Chinese Village Exo...

Paul Peng

Xiang Nuo (乡傩, Xiāng Nuó) is an ancient Chinese village exorcism rite recorded in the Liji and Zhouli — led by the masked Fang Xiang Shi with four golden eyes,...

Xiang Nuo (乡傩): The Ancient Chinese Village Exo...

Paul Peng

Xiang Nuo (乡傩, Xiāng Nuó) is an ancient Chinese village exorcism rite recorded in the Liji and Zhouli — led by the masked Fang Xiang Shi with four golden eyes,...

Ma She — The Zhou Dynasty Horse Altar Sacrifice 马社

Ma She — The Zhou Dynasty Horse Altar Sacrifice 马社

Paul Peng

Ma She (马社) is the ancient Chinese autumn sacrifice to the Horse Altar, honoring the first person who harnessed horses, recorded in the Liji with Zheng Xuan and Jia Gongyan...

Ma She — The Zhou Dynasty Horse Altar Sacrifice 马社

Paul Peng

Ma She (马社) is the ancient Chinese autumn sacrifice to the Horse Altar, honoring the first person who harnessed horses, recorded in the Liji with Zheng Xuan and Jia Gongyan...

Yi Qian 瘗钱 — ancient Chinese buried spirit money sacrificial rite

Yi Qian: The Buried Spirit Money Sacrificial Ri...

Paul Peng

Yi Qian (瘗钱) is the ancient Chinese practice of burying imitation currency as offerings to the spirits of the dead — the direct precursor to the modern tradition of burning...

Yi Qian: The Buried Spirit Money Sacrificial Ri...

Paul Peng

Yi Qian (瘗钱) is the ancient Chinese practice of burying imitation currency as offerings to the spirits of the dead — the direct precursor to the modern tradition of burning...

Nan Jiao — Imperial Southern Suburb Sacrifice to Heaven 南郊

Nan Jiao — Imperial Southern Suburb Sacrifice t...

Paul Peng

Nan Jiao (南郊) is the supreme imperial ceremony of sacrificing to Heaven at the southern suburb round altar, the most solemn of all ancient Chinese imperial rites.

Nan Jiao — Imperial Southern Suburb Sacrifice t...

Paul Peng

Nan Jiao (南郊) is the supreme imperial ceremony of sacrificing to Heaven at the southern suburb round altar, the most solemn of all ancient Chinese imperial rites.

Lei Ji: Category Sacrifice to Heaven for Special Events

Lei Ji: Category Sacrifice to Heaven for Specia...

Paul Peng

Lei Ji (类祭, Lèi Jì) is an ancient Chinese Heaven-worship ritual for extraordinary occasions — military campaigns, imperial tours, disasters, and victories. Recorded in the Shijing, Liji, and Zhouli, it...

Lei Ji: Category Sacrifice to Heaven for Specia...

Paul Peng

Lei Ji (类祭, Lèi Jì) is an ancient Chinese Heaven-worship ritual for extraordinary occasions — military campaigns, imperial tours, disasters, and victories. Recorded in the Shijing, Liji, and Zhouli, it...

Fu Chen — Ancient Chinese River Sacrifice Ritual 浮沉

Fu Chen — Ancient Chinese River Sacrifice Ritua...

Paul Peng

Fu Chen (浮沉) is the ancient Chinese river sacrifice where offerings were cast into the water — some floating, some sinking — to propitiate water spirits.

Fu Chen — Ancient Chinese River Sacrifice Ritua...

Paul Peng

Fu Chen (浮沉) is the ancient Chinese river sacrifice where offerings were cast into the water — some floating, some sinking — to propitiate water spirits.