The Great Encyclopedia of Taoism

Shi Xiang: Seasonal Temple Offerings in Zhou State Ritual

Shi Xiang: Seasonal Temple Offerings in Zhou St...

Paul Peng

Shi Xiang (時享) designates the four seasonal ancestral temple offerings of ancient China — ci in spring, yue in summer, chang in autumn, and zheng in winter — forming the...

Shi Xiang: Seasonal Temple Offerings in Zhou St...

Paul Peng

Shi Xiang (時享) designates the four seasonal ancestral temple offerings of ancient China — ci in spring, yue in summer, chang in autumn, and zheng in winter — forming the...

Si Xing — Road Spirit Sacrifice in Ancient China 祀行

Si Xing — Road Spirit Sacrifice in Ancient Chin...

Paul Peng

Si Xing (祀行) is the ancient Chinese sacrifice to the road spirit, one of the Five Household Deities, performed in winter to ensure safe passage and return from travel.

Si Xing — Road Spirit Sacrifice in Ancient Chin...

Paul Peng

Si Xing (祀行) is the ancient Chinese sacrifice to the road spirit, one of the Five Household Deities, performed in winter to ensure safe passage and return from travel.

Shi Ji — The Four-Season Sacrifice of Ancient China 时祭

Shi Ji — The Four-Season Sacrifice of Ancient C...

Paul Peng

Shi Ji (时祭) is ancient China’s four-season sacrificial system, practiced by all social classes from the Son of Heaven to commoners, aligning ritual obligation with the agricultural calendar.

Shi Ji — The Four-Season Sacrifice of Ancient C...

Paul Peng

Shi Ji (时祭) is ancient China’s four-season sacrificial system, practiced by all social classes from the Son of Heaven to commoners, aligning ritual obligation with the agricultural calendar.

Gao Lei — Imperial Announcement Offering 告类

Gao Lei — Imperial Announcement Offering 告类

Paul Peng

Gao Lei (告类) is an ancient Chinese announcement sacrifice performed at imperial accession to formally notify Heaven and the ancestors of political transitions, seeking cosmic acknowledgment and blessing.

Gao Lei — Imperial Announcement Offering 告类

Paul Peng

Gao Lei (告类) is an ancient Chinese announcement sacrifice performed at imperial accession to formally notify Heaven and the ancestors of political transitions, seeking cosmic acknowledgment and blessing.

Tian Gong Zhai 天公斋 — The Taoist Retreat of Thanksgiving to Heaven

Tian Gong Zhai 天公斋 — The Taoist Retreat of Than...

Paul Peng

Tian Gong Zhai 天公斋 is a Taoist purification retreat drawn from the Nine-Grade Retreat Codes, performed to report and give thanks to the Heavenly Lord. The classical text preserves a...

Tian Gong Zhai 天公斋 — The Taoist Retreat of Than...

Paul Peng

Tian Gong Zhai 天公斋 is a Taoist purification retreat drawn from the Nine-Grade Retreat Codes, performed to report and give thanks to the Heavenly Lord. The classical text preserves a...

Tai Yi Zhai 太一斋 — The Taoist Retreat Honoring the Supreme Deity of Heaven

Tai Yi Zhai 太一斋 — The Taoist Retreat Honoring t...

Paul Peng

Tai Yi Zhai 太一斋 is a Taoist purification retreat directed toward Tai Yi — the most exalted deity in the heavenly hierarchy, whose court is the Taiwei Enclosure and whose...

Tai Yi Zhai 太一斋 — The Taoist Retreat Honoring t...

Paul Peng

Tai Yi Zhai 太一斋 is a Taoist purification retreat directed toward Tai Yi — the most exalted deity in the heavenly hierarchy, whose court is the Taiwei Enclosure and whose...