Wang Chuyi (王处一): Founder of the Yushan School in Daoism

Wang Chuyi (王处一): Founder of the Yushan School in Daoism

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Wang Chuyi (1142-1217), sobriquet Yuyangzi, commonly known as Perfected Person Yuyang, was a native of Ninghai (now Muping, Shandong), a famous Taoist of the Jin Dynasty, and one of the "Seven Disciples of Quanzhen."


In the eighth year of Dading (1168), Wang Chuyi became a disciple of Wang Chongyang and lived in seclusion in the Yanhua Cave of Kunlun Mountain for a long time, cultivating there for nine years, and was known as "Iron Feet Master."


Wang Chuyi inherited Wang Chongyang's thought, taking Taoism as its foundation, teaching non-action, advocating abandoning worldly affairs, and cultivating inner nature, calling it "harmoniously cultivating all practices, gathering the spirit into one energy."


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Wang Chuyi believed that cultivation emphasizes "truthfulness," that is, true nature, true merit, and true practice.


In the twenty-eighth year of Dading (1188), Wang Chuyi was summoned to the capital to preside over the Wanchun Festival.


In the second year of Cheng'an (1197), Emperor Zhangzong of Jin summoned Wang Chuyi to inquire about the way of nourishing life and the principles of nature and life, and answered with Taoist quietness and non-action, inner alchemy creation, and inaction.


In the third year of Cheng'an (1198), he was given the title "Master Tixuan."


In the sixth year of Zhenyou (1217), Wang Chuyi ascended to immortality at the Yuxu Temple in Shengshui.


In the sixth year of Zhiyuan (1269), Wang Chuyi was named "Perfected Person Yuyang Tixuan Guangdu."


Wang Chuyi passed on the Yushan School of Quanzhen Taoism.


His works include Yun Guang Ji, Qing Zhen Ji, and Xi Yue Hua Shan Zhi.

The Seven Masters: Brothers in the Dao

Master Wang Chuyi walked alongside six other extraordinary disciples under our patriarch Wang Chongyang. Each founded their own branch of Quanzhen, yet remained united in essential teachings:

Master Daoist Name Branch Founded Primary Teaching Focus
Ma Yu 丹阳子 (Danyang) Yuexian Sect Leadership and organization
Tan Chuduan 长真子 (Changzhen) Nanwu Sect Scholarly cultivation
Liu Chuxuan 长生子 (Changsheng) Suishan Sect Longevity practices
Qiu Chuji 长春子 (Changchun) Longmen Sect Most influential branch
Wang Chuyi 玉阳子 (Yuyang) Yushan Sect Internal alchemy mastery
Hao Datong 广宁子 (Guangning) Huashan Sect Mountain hermitage
Sun Bu'er 清静散人 (Qingjing) 清静派 Female cultivation path

As a practitioner in Master Wang Chuyi's lineage, I carry forward his emphasis on neidan (internal alchemy) and the cultivation of genuine simplicity.

The Quanzhen Revolution: Complete Reality Daoism

When people ask what makes Quanzhen different from earlier Daoist traditions, I explain that our founders created something revolutionary for their time - a synthesis that was both deeply traditional and radically innovative.

Core Principles of Complete Reality:

Triple Unity - We integrate Confucian ethics, Buddhist meditation, and Daoist cultivation. This wasn't mere eclecticism but a profound understanding that truth manifests through multiple doorways.

Monastic Discipline - Unlike earlier Daoists who often married and lived in the world, we embraced celibacy and communal living to focus entirely on cultivation.

Internal Alchemy Focus - While respecting external practices, we emphasized neidan over waidan (external alchemy), seeking immortality through inner transformation rather than elixir consumption.

Social Engagement - Despite our monastic structure, we actively served society through teaching, healing, and moral guidance.

Master Wang Chuyi's Unique Contributions

My lineage ancestor distinguished himself through several innovations that continue to shape our practice:

The Jade Clarity Method

Master Wang developed specific techniques for:

  • Embryonic Breathing (胎息) - Advanced respiratory practices
  • Golden Elixir Formation (金丹) - Internal energy refinement
  • Spirit Liberation (出神) - Consciousness projection techniques
  • Void Meditation (虚无) - Contemplation of ultimate emptiness

The Yushan Transmission

His branch emphasized:

  • Rigorous self-examination and moral purification
  • Integration of scholarly study with meditative practice
  • Careful attention to the stages of alchemical transformation
  • Balanced approach between solitary and communal cultivation

In my own practice, I've found his methods particularly effective for those with scholarly temperaments who seek deep understanding alongside spiritual attainment.

Daily Life in the Yushan Tradition

Visitors often wonder how we actually live these teachings. Let me describe a typical day in our tradition:

Pre-Dawn (3:00-5:00 AM)

  • Morning cultivation - Sitting meditation and energy circulation
  • Scripture recitation - Usually the Dao De Jing or Qingjing Jing
  • Internal observation - Monitoring qi flow and mental states

Dawn to Midday (5:00 AM-12:00 PM)

  • Collective morning service - Honoring ancestors and cosmic forces
  • Study periods - Classical texts, calligraphy, and discussion
  • Work practice - Temple maintenance, herb preparation, or craft work
  • Medical consultation - Serving community health needs

Afternoon (12:00-6:00 PM)

  • Silent meal - Mindful eating with gratitude
  • Individual practice - Personal cultivation based on one's level
  • Teaching duties - Instructing students or preparing materials
  • Nature contemplation - Walking meditation in gardens or mountains

Evening (6:00 PM-12:00 AM)

  • Evening service - Gratitude and reflection ceremonies
  • Group discussion - Dharma sharing and question resolution
  • Final meditation - Preparing consciousness for sleep cultivation
  • Dream yoga - Advanced practitioners work with sleep states

This rhythm creates a container for transformation while honoring both solitary and communal aspects of the path.

The Internal Alchemy of Master Wang's Lineage

Since Master Wang Chuyi was particularly known for neidan mastery, let me share some fundamentals of our alchemical approach:

The Three Treasures Cultivation

Treasure Chinese Physical Aspect Energy Aspect Spiritual Aspect
Jing Sexual essence Vital energy Creative potential
Qi Breath/circulation Life force Conscious awareness
Shen Nervous system Mental clarity Pure consciousness

The art lies in reverse flow - instead of dissipating these treasures through ordinary living, we refine and circulate them to build what we call the Golden Elixir.

Stages of Internal Development

  1. Foundation Building (築基) - Purifying body and stabilizing emotions
  2. Embryo Formation (結胎) - Creating internal energy matrix
  3. Spiritual Embryo (聖胎) - Developing subtle consciousness
  4. Birth of Spirit (出神) - Liberation from physical constraints
  5. Return to Void (還虛) - Unity with primordial Dao

Master Wang emphasized that rushing through these stages causes more harm than benefit. Patient, sincere cultivation over decades bears genuine fruit.

Texts and Teachings of Our Lineage

Our tradition preserves specific texts that descended through Master Wang Chuyi's line:

Primary Study Materials:

  • Jade Clarity True Scripture (玉清真經) - Master Wang's own compositions
  • Complete Reality Internal Teachings (全真内教) - Foundational practices
  • Golden Elixir Direct Pointing (金丹直指) - Advanced alchemy methods
  • Yushan Chronicle (嵛山志) - Historical records and biographies

Daily Recitation Texts:

  • Pure Tranquility Scripture (清静經) - For mental purification
  • Heart Seal Scripture (心印經) - Core Quanzhen philosophy
  • Salvation Scripture (救苦經) - Compassion cultivation
  • Three Officials Scripture (三官經) - Cosmic relationship practices

We approach these not as dead literature but as living transmissions. Each reading reveals new depths as our cultivation matures.

Healing Arts in Our Tradition

Following Master Wang's example, many of us serve as healers, though our approach differs from both conventional medicine and popular "alternative" practices:

Diagnostic Methods:

  • Pulse reading - Detecting energy patterns through radial pulse
  • Facial analysis - Reading constitutional types and imbalances
  • Tongue examination - Assessing internal organ states
  • Spiritual counseling - Understanding karmic and emotional roots

Treatment Approaches:

  • Acupuncture and moxibustion - Regulating qi flow
  • Herbal formulas - Custom prescriptions based on individual constitution
  • Qigong prescription - Specific exercises for particular conditions
  • Dietary therapy - Using food energetics for healing
  • Meditation therapy - Addressing psychosomatic disorders

Our healing philosophy recognizes that most illness stems from disharmony between inner nature and outer expression. True healing restores this natural alignment.

Common Questions About Our Path

"Do you really believe in immortality?"

Physical immortality as popularly imagined isn't our goal. We cultivate what we call spiritual immortality - developing an aspect of consciousness that transcends biological death. This isn't wishful thinking but the result of decades of careful inner work.

"Why the celibacy requirement?"

Sexual energy represents one of our most powerful resources for transformation. Rather than suppressing sexuality, we redirect this creative force toward spiritual development. This choice isn't for everyone, but it accelerates certain types of cultivation.

"How do you relate to other religions?"

Master Wang Chongyang taught us to respect all genuine paths while maintaining our own integrity. We find wisdom in Buddhist meditation, Confucian ethics, and even Christian mysticism, while remaining firmly rooted in Daoist understanding.

"Can women practice in your tradition?"

Absolutely. Though Master Sun Bu'er established the main female lineage, Master Wang Chuyi also had female disciples. Our practices adapt to different constitutional types rather than excluding anyone based on gender.

The Yushan Legacy Today

In our modern era, Master Wang Chuyi's emphasis on scholarly cultivation and internal development remains remarkably relevant:

  • Urban practitioners find his methods adaptable to busy professional lives
  • Academic students appreciate the integration of study and practice
  • Healthcare workers benefit from our holistic healing approaches
  • Environmental activists resonate with our nature-based philosophy

The essence of his teaching - patient, sincere cultivation leading to genuine transformation - speaks to contemporary seekers just as powerfully as it did 800 years ago.

Guidance for Sincere Students

If Master Wang Chuyi's path calls to your heart, consider these beginning steps:

  1. Establish daily practice - Even 20 minutes of sitting meditation creates foundation
  2. Study classical texts - Begin with the Dao De Jing and Qingjing Jing
  3. Find authentic instruction - Seek teachers with genuine lineage transmission
  4. Cultivate virtue - Practice the Confucian ethics that ground our tradition
  5. Serve others - Express your cultivation through beneficial action

The Complete Reality path requires dedication, but offers profound rewards. As Master Wang taught, "The Dao is not distant from people; people distance themselves from the Dao."


May your cultivation bear the fruit of genuine awakening, bringing benefit to all beings.

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