Zhu Ziying (朱自英) - A Daoist Master

Zhu Ziying (朱自英) - A Daoist Master

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Zhu Ziying (976–1029), styled Yinzhi, was a native of Zhuyangli in Juqu (present-day Jurong, Jiangsu Province). He was a renowned Taoist priest in the Song Dynasty and the 23rd-generation patriarch of the Maoshan Shangqing School.


In his childhood, Zhu Ziying studied Taoism under Zhu Wenji, a Taoist priest of Yuchen Guan (Jade Dawn Temple). He once lived in seclusion on Jijin Peak, practicing vital energy absorption, refining through swallowing, and grain-free fasting.


After taking charge of Maoshan, Zhu Ziying was specially sought by Emperor Zhenzong, who had no heirs. Thanks to his help, Emperor Zhenzong later had Emperor Renzong. From then on, the two emperors held him in high esteem.


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In the first year of Tiansheng in the Song Dynasty (1023), Emperor Renzong summoned him to the capital and asked him to personally bestow the Shangqing scriptures, precepts, and ordination certificates upon his mother, Empress Liu, and conferred upon him the title "Mr. Guanmiao (Observing Subtleties)".


Emperor Renzong kept refusing to let him return to Maoshan. After Zhu Ziying submitted repeated memorials requesting to go back, the emperor had to issue an edict to send him back. Fearing being summoned to the capital again, Zhu Ziying claimed illness and remained bedridden from then on.

Understanding the Daoist Path

When we speak of a "道士" (daoshi), we refer to one who has dedicated their life to following the Dao—the ineffable source and pattern of the universe. We are not merely priests in the Western sense, but cultivators of both spiritual and temporal arts, guardians of ancient wisdom, and bridges between the seen and unseen realms.

The name Zhu Ziying carries particular significance. "Zhu" (朱) represents the cinnabar red, a color sacred in our alchemical practices, while "Ziying" (自英) suggests "self-flourishing" or "natural excellence"—qualities essential to one walking the Daoist path.

The Three Treasures of Daoist Practice

Treasure Chinese Meaning Application
Jing Essence/Vitality Physical cultivation, internal energy work
Qi Life Force/Breath Breathing techniques, energy circulation
Shen Spirit/Consciousness Meditation, spiritual refinement

These form the foundation of our inner alchemy (內丹, neidan), through which we seek to harmonize with the natural order.

Daoist Lineages and Traditions

Our path encompasses various schools, each with unique emphasis:

Major Traditions

Quanzhen (全真) - Complete Reality School

  • Founded during the Jin Dynasty
  • Emphasizes celibacy and monastic life
  • Focus on internal alchemy and meditation
  • Prominent temples: White Cloud Temple (Beijing)

Zhengyi (正一) - Orthodox Unity School

  • Traces lineage to Zhang Daoling
  • Permits marriage for clergy
  • Strong emphasis on ritual and exorcism
  • Hereditary transmission of authority

Shangqing (上清) - Supreme Clarity

  • Mystical tradition emphasizing visualization
  • Complex cosmology and celestial bureaucracy
  • Influential in medieval Chinese spirituality

The Eight Immortals: Our Celestial Teachers

We revere the Ba Xian (八仙), whose stories illuminate different aspects of enlightenment:

Immortal Emblem Teaching
Lü Dongbin Sword Scholarly pursuit of immortality
He Xiangu Lotus Feminine wisdom and purity
Zhongli Quan Fan Mastery over death
Zhang Guolao Drum Transcendence of time
Lan Caihe Flower basket Androgynous nature of the Dao
Li Tieguai Gourd Compassion for the afflicted
Han Xiangzi Flute Harmony with nature
Cao Guojiu Castanets Nobility of spirit over birth

Sacred Texts and Wisdom Literature

Our tradition encompasses vast literary treasures:

The Dao De Jing (道德經) Laozi's foundational text remains our philosophical cornerstone. Its 81 chapters reveal the paradoxical nature of the Dao through poetic verse.

The Zhuangzi (莊子) Master Zhuang's playful yet profound parables teach us about spontaneity (ziran) and the relativity of all things.

The I Ching (易經) The Book of Changes provides both divination system and cosmological framework, revealing how transformation underlies all existence.

Daoist Practices: The Art of Living

Morning Cultivation

We begin each day before dawn, when yin and yang energies shift. This includes:

  • Standing meditation (站樁, zhan zhuang)
  • Breathing exercises coordinated with celestial timing
  • Study of classical texts

Seasonal Observances

Our calendar follows natural rhythms rather than arbitrary human constructs:

Season Element Practice Focus Key Festivals
Spring Wood Growth, flexibility Qingming (清明)
Summer Fire Expansion, joy Dragon Boat Festival
Autumn Metal Contraction, reflection Mid-Autumn Festival
Winter Water Conservation, wisdom Winter Solstice

Internal Alchemy Stages

The path of neidan unfolds in recognized stages:

  1. Foundation Building - Establishing physical and energetic health
  2. Medicine Formation - Cultivating and refining internal energies
  3. Embryonic Breathing - Advanced breath regulation techniques
  4. Spiritual Embryo - Development of the immortal self
  5. Breaking the Void - Transcendence of ordinary consciousness

Temple Life and Community

A Daoist temple (觀, guan) serves as more than worship space—it's a living ecosystem of practice. Our daily rhythm includes:

Pre-dawn (3-5 AM): Individual meditation and qi cultivation Morning (5-7 AM): Community prayers and sutra chanting
Midday: Ritual activities, consultations with visitors Afternoon: Study, calligraphy, garden maintenance Evening: Group meditation, astronomical observations

The Five Elements and Healing Arts

We understand health through the Wu Xing (五行) system:

Element Organ System Emotion Season Cultivation Method
Wood Liver/Gallbladder Anger → Kindness Spring Stretching, flexibility
Fire Heart/Small Intestine Joy → Compassion Summer Cardiovascular exercise
Earth Spleen/Stomach Worry → Thoughtfulness Late Summer Grounding practices
Metal Lung/Large Intestine Grief → Righteousness Autumn Breathing exercises
Water Kidney/Bladder Fear → Wisdom Winter Conservation, rest

Divination and the Celestial Mandate

We practice various forms of divination, viewing them as consultations with the natural intelligence of the universe:

  • I Ching hexagram consultation for major life decisions
  • Feng shui assessment to harmonize living spaces with earth energies
  • Chinese astrology (Four Pillars of Destiny) for understanding individual karma
  • Date selection (擇日, ze ri) for auspicious timing of important events

Modern Challenges and Ancient Wisdom

In our contemporary world, the Daoist path offers particular relevance. We observe increasing disconnection from natural rhythms, over-reliance on technological solutions, and spiritual poverty amidst material abundance. Our tradition provides antidotes:

Wu Wei (無為) - Effortless Action Not inaction, but action aligned with natural flow rather than forced effort.

Pu (樸) - Simplicity
Returning to uncarved block—our original nature before social conditioning.

Ziran (自然) - Spontaneity What arises naturally, without artificial interference or manipulation.


 

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