Ma Danyang(马丹阳): A Key Figure in the Quanzhen Sect

Ma Danyang(马丹阳): A Key Figure in the Quanzhen Sect

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Ma Danyang (1123-1183), originally named Ma Congyi, courtesy name Yifu, later renamed Ma Yu, courtesy name Xuanbao, and known as "Danyangzi," was a renowned Taoist of the Jin Dynasty and one of the "Seven Disciples of Quanzhen." He was from Ninghai, Shandong (now Muping, Shandong).


Ma Danyang was intelligent and straightforward from a young age. During the Zhenyuan period of the Jin Dynasty (1153-1156), he passed the imperial examination and was appointed to an official position. However, disillusioned by the social practices of the survival of the fittest and deceit, he resigned from his post to pursue Taoism.


In the ninth year of the Dading era (1169), his master Wang Chongyang took him on a journey through the western waters, spreading their teachings far and wide. Before Wang Chongyang passed away, he transmitted the secrets of Quanzhen to Ma Danyang, entrusting him as the direct successor of the Quanzhen teachings.


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Ma Danyang was also well-versed in medicine and skilled in acupuncture. He developed the "Twelve Divine Needles of Ma Danyang," which were selected from 360 acupuncture points on the human body, specifically targeting various ailments with unique efficacy, and compiled into mnemonic verses for easy learning and memorization.


According to legend, one day a woman fainted on the road, and Ma Danyang happened to encounter her. He quickly bent down, performed mouth-to-mouth suction, leaving onlookers puzzled. When he stood up and expelled the phlegm he had extracted, the woman regained consciousness, astonishing the crowd.


Ma Danyang passed away in the twenty-third year of the Dading era (1183). In the sixth year of the Zhiyuan era of the Yuan Dynasty (1269), he was posthumously honored with the title "Danyang Baoyi Wuwei Zhenren" (Perfected One of Danyang, Embracing Unity, and Non-Action). His notable works include Dongxuan Jinyu Ji, Shenguang Can, and Jianwu Ji.

The Divine Encounter That Changed Everything

In 1167, when Ma Yu had reached middle age, a wild-looking Daoist master appeared in his hometown. This stranger - Wang Chongyang - seemed like a madman to most observers, living in a crude hut and speaking in riddles. But Ma Yu recognized the profound wisdom hidden beneath this eccentric exterior.

Their first meeting has become legendary in our tradition. Wang Chongyang wrote a poem on Ma Yu's wall:

"The rich man dreams of gold and jade,
The poor man dreams of rice and grain.
Both are but floating clouds -
When will you awaken from this dream?"

These words pierced Ma Yu's heart like lightning, instantly revealing the emptiness of his material pursuits.

The Great Transformation: From Merchant to Immortal

Ma Yu's conversion was not gradual but revolutionary. He abandoned his prosperous life, distributed his wealth to the poor, and devoted himself entirely to spiritual cultivation under Wang Chongyang's guidance.

Life Phase Period Key Events
Worldly Life 1123-1167 Born into wealth, successful merchant, married to Sun Buer
Initial Training 1167-1170 Studied under Wang Chongyang, basic cultivation
Advanced Practice 1170-1174 Intensive retreat, internal alchemy mastery
Teaching Period 1174-1183 Established Quanzhen centers, guided disciples

What strikes me most about our ancestor Ma Danyang is his complete surrender. In our modern world, we cling to comfort and security, but he released everything for the pearl of great price - direct realization of the Dao.

The Seven Masters of Quanzhen

Ma Danyang became the senior among Wang Chongyang's Seven Disciples (全真七子), each representing different aspects of the complete path:

Master Title Specialty Location
Ma Danyang 丹阳子 Internal Alchemy Leader Shandong
Tan Chuduan 长真子 Ritual and Ceremony Shandong
Liu Chuxuan 长生子 Scripture Study Shandong
Qiu Chuji 长春子 Martial Arts & Politics Beijing
Wang Chuyi 玉阳子 Mountain Hermitage Shaanxi
Hao Datong 广宁子 Scholarly Pursuits Shaanxi
Sun Buer 清静散人 Women's Cultivation Shandong

Remarkably, Sun Buer was Ma Danyang's own wife, who also achieved immortality through the same path. Their marriage transformed from worldly union to spiritual partnership - a beautiful example of how the Dao can sanctify all relationships.

Ma Danyang's Teachings: The Heart of Internal Alchemy

As his disciple in spirit across the centuries, I've studied Ma Danyang's core teachings extensively. His approach emphasized practical cultivation over theoretical speculation:

The Three Treasures Refined

Ma Danyang taught the systematic transformation of our three essential energies:

Jing (精) - Essence
"Guard your essence like a precious jewel. In stillness, it naturally becomes abundant."

  • Physical health through proper breathing
  • Conservation of vital energy
  • Purification of bodily desires
  • Harmonizing with natural rhythms

Qi (气) - Energy
"Circulate the golden elixir through patience and persistence. Force nothing, yet neglect nothing."

  • Internal energy circulation techniques
  • Breathing methods for longevity
  • Emotional balance through centeredness
  • Seasonal cultivation practices

Shen (神) - Spirit
"When the heart is clear as autumn sky, the Original Nature shines forth."

  • Meditation on emptiness and fullness
  • Communion with celestial realms
  • Development of spiritual powers
  • Preparation for conscious death

His Famous "Fifteen Discourses"

Ma Danyang left us fifteen profound teachings that remain central to Quanzhen practice. Here are several key themes:

On Meditation:
"Sit like a mountain, breathe like wind, think like sky. In this threefold stillness, the golden immortal is born."

On Worldly Attachments:
"Do not reject the world, but do not be possessed by it. Use all things, but let no thing use you."

On the Elixir:
"The true cinnabar is not made in cauldrons but in the furnace of the heart. When love and wisdom unite, the immortal fetus quickens."

The Quanzhen Revolution

Under Ma Danyang's leadership after Wang Chongyang's death, Quanzhen Daoism flourished throughout northern China. His contributions were revolutionary:

Institutional Innovations

  • Established the first Quanzhen monasteries
  • Created systematic training programs
  • Developed ethical codes for practitioners
  • Built networks connecting scattered communities

Doctrinal Synthesis

Ma Danyang masterfully wove together:

  • Classical Daoist philosophy
  • Buddhist meditation techniques
  • Confucian ethical principles
  • Folk religious practices

This wasn't mere intellectual synthesis but lived experience. Ma Danyang embodied the unity he taught, showing how seemingly different paths could converge in authentic realization.

Sacred Sites Associated with Ma Danyang

Pilgrims today can visit locations where our great ancestor lived and taught:

Site Location Significance
Kunyu Mountain Shandong Where he first met Wang Chongyang
Jinlian Hall Shandong His primary teaching center
Ma Danyang Tomb Shandong Final resting place, pilgrimage site
Baiyun Temple Beijing Later Quanzhen headquarters

I've made pilgrimage to these sacred places myself. Standing where Ma Danyang once walked, practiced, and taught, one feels the lingering presence of his spiritual attainment.

Ma Danyang's Death and Immortality

In 1183, sensing his time approaching, Ma Danyang gathered his disciples and calmly announced his departure from the world. Witnesses reported supernatural phenomena - celestial music, unusual fragrances, and brilliant light filling his chamber.

But for us Daoists, this wasn't death but transformation - what we call corpse liberation (尸解). Ma Danyang had refined his physical body into pure energy, consciously transitioning to higher realms while maintaining connection to this world.

His Continuing Influence

Even today, 840 years later, Ma Danyang remains:

  • A patron saint of internal alchemy practitioners
  • A guide for those seeking to balance worldly and spiritual life
  • An example of complete transformation possible through dedicated practice
  • A bridge-figure showing how ancient wisdom applies to modern challenges

Lessons for Modern Seekers

What can contemporary practitioners learn from Ma Danyang's example?

Complete Commitment

"Half-hearted cultivation yields half-hearted results. Ma Danyang teaches us that transformation requires everything we have to give."

Balanced Integration

"He didn't reject the world but transcended attachment to it. We can live fully engaged lives while maintaining spiritual center."

Progressive Development

"His path shows clear stages - first ethical purification, then energetic cultivation, finally spiritual realization. Each phase builds upon the last."

Community Building

"Spiritual achievement means nothing if it doesn't serve others. Ma Danyang's greatest legacy was the communities he established."

Practicing Ma Danyang's Methods Today

For those inspired to follow his path, here are practical starting points:

Daily Cultivation Routine

Morning (卯时, 5-7 AM):

  • Face east, greet the rising yang energy
  • Practice standing meditation (站桩)
  • Recite the Qingjing Jing (Scripture of Purity and Stillness)

Midday (午时, 11 AM-1 PM):

  • Circulate internal energy through gentle breathing
  • Study classical texts with concentrated attention
  • Practice compassionate action toward all beings

Evening (酉时, 5-7 PM):

  • Face west, gather the condensing yin energy
  • Reflect on the day's spiritual progress
  • Prepare consciousness for night's regeneration

Seasonal Harmonization

Ma Danyang emphasized aligning our practice with natural cycles:

Season Focus Methods
Spring Growth & Planning Active qigong, new projects
Summer Flowering & Expression Teaching, community service
Autumn Harvest & Gathering Study, internal cultivation
Winter Storage & Depth Deep meditation, retreat

The Eternal Student

Though I've practiced for decades in Ma Danyang's tradition, I remain his student. His teachings continue revealing new depths, his example continues inspiring greater effort, his compassionate presence continues guiding my steps along the pathless path.

The beauty of following such a master lies not in worship but in emulation. Ma Danyang shows us what human beings can become when we dedicate ourselves completely to the highest purpose.

To you who read these words, whether you're beginning the journey or walking it for years, remember Ma Danyang's essential message: within you lies the same golden immortal that he realized. The only question is whether you'll do what's necessary to awaken it.


May his golden light illuminate your path.

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