What is the Four Benefactions 四恩？
Paul PengThe doctrines of Taoism focus on morality and emphasize repaying kindness. To embody the virtues of the Dao, it advocates repaying the Four Graces. The Four Graces refer to: the grace of heaven and earth, the grace of the ruler, the grace of parents, and the grace of teachers. All these four should be repaid.
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This article is part of our comprehensive guide covering all core Taoist philosophies, concepts, and practices — curated from the classic Encyclopedia of Taoism.
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