Huangfu Tan (皇甫坦) - The Taoist Master

Huangfu Tan (皇甫坦) - The Taoist Master

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Huangfu Tan, whose dates of birth and death remain unrecorded, styled himself Lüdao. A native of Linzi (present-day Linzi, Shandong), he was a prominent Taoist priest during the Song Dynasty. Huangfu Tan lived in seclusion on Mount Emei, recognized as the seventh Taoist Grotto-Heaven.


As the story goes, one evening, while traveling in a snowstorm, he was overcome by the cold, his limbs freezing. Suddenly, he heard a voice calling from the roadside. Glancing around, he spotted a Taoist lying inside a small hut and stayed to share the bed, their feet touching as they slept. Immediately, Huangfu Tan felt a surge of warmth entering through his feet, "spreading steam-like through his entire body, bringing great comfort." He soon drifted into a dream and slept soundly until dawn. In the morning, the Taoist said to him, "You may visit me at Lingquan Temple another day." Huangfu Tan followed this advice and went to Lingquan Temple, where they had a pleasant conversation. It was then that he learned the Taoist was Zhu Taozhui, a renowned Song Dynasty Taoist known as "True Man Miaotong." Before long, Huangfu Tan chanced upon Zhu Taozhui again in a tavern. Recognizing their karmic connection, he became Zhu's disciple to study Taoism, "fully grasping the essence of the emptiness and solidity of Kan and Li, as well as the secrets of internal and external elixirs."


Huangfu Tan was skilled in medicine. During the Shaoxing period of the Song Dynasty (1131–1161), Empress Dowager Xianren suffered from an eye ailment, which the imperial physicians failed to cure despite several attempts. Legend has it that one night, the Empress Dowager dreamed of a Taoist in yellow robes with a long beard and large ears, who claimed he could heal her. She told Emperor Gaozong about the dream, and he ordered officials to search Taoist temples across the country for such a Taoist. Eventually, the prefect of Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang) reported to Emperor Gaozong at Cining Palace that the Taoist, named Huangfu Tan, lived far away on Mount Emei. Emperor Gaozong immediately summoned Huangfu Tan to Lin'an. Huangfu Tan successfully cured the Empress Dowager's eye ailment and later healed the lame leg of Zhenniang, a performer from the Imperial Music Ensemble. As a result, he gained great favor from the court. When he bid farewell to return to Mount Emei, both the imperial palaces bestowed him with generous gifts. Soon after, Emperor Gaozong sent envoys to offer imperial incense at Zhangren Temple on Mount Qingcheng for prayers, and also visited Huangfu Tan's hermitage to pay respects, offering comfort and having a temple built for him.


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It is said that in his later years, Huangfu Tan offended Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty over an incident, lost his imperial favor, and lived in seclusion until his death.


Understanding the Taoist Priest (道士)

As one who has walked the mountain paths and meditated in temple halls for decades, let me share what it truly means to be a daoshi - a servant of the Tao.

The term 道士 literally means "scholar of the Way" or "gentleman of the Tao." We are not merely priests in the Western sense, but guardians of an ancient wisdom that flows like water through the valleys of Chinese culture.

The Three Treasures of a Daoist

Treasure Chinese Meaning Practice
Compassion 慈 (Cí) Loving-kindness toward all beings Healing arts, helping communities
Frugality 俭 (Jiǎn) Simplicity and moderation Living with minimal possessions
Humility 不敢为天下先 Not daring to be first in the world Leading by example, not force

The Path of Cultivation

When the morning mist rises from the sacred peaks, we begin our daily practices. The life of a Taoist priest revolves around these essential elements:

Internal Alchemy (内丹 - Nèi Dān)

This is the heart of our practice - transforming the body, mind, and spirit through meditation, breathing techniques, and energy cultivation. Unlike external alchemy that seeks the elixir of immortality through herbs and minerals, we create the golden elixir within ourselves.

External Practices (外功 - Wài Gōng)

  • Ritual ceremonies for the community
  • Feng shui consultations
  • Traditional Chinese medicine
  • Calligraphy and poetry
  • Martial arts (particularly Tai Chi)

Historical Context: The Huangfu Lineage

The surname Huangfu (皇甫) carries significant weight in Chinese history. It's a compound surname that originated during the Spring and Autumn period, combining elements that suggest imperial favor and scholarly achievement.

Notable Historical Figures with Huangfu Surname

Name Period Contribution
Huangfu Mi (皇甫謐) 215-282 CE Medical scholar, author of Zhenjiu Jiayijing
Huangfu Shi (皇甫湜) Tang Dynasty Literary figure and government official
Huangfu Song (皇甫嵩) Han Dynasty General who suppressed the Yellow Turban Rebellion

The Three Schools of Taoism

Throughout our long history, Taoism has developed into distinct schools, each emphasizing different aspects of the Way:

Zhengyi (正一) - Orthodox Unity School

  • Founded: Eastern Han Dynasty
  • Focus: Ritual practices, exorcism, healing
  • Priests: May marry and have families
  • Centers: Mainly in southern China

Quanzhen (全真) - Complete Perfection School

  • Founded: Jin Dynasty (12th century)
  • Focus: Internal alchemy, celibacy, meditation
  • Priests: Monastic lifestyle in temples
  • Centers: Northern China, White Cloud Temple in Beijing

Shangqing (上清) - Supreme Clarity School

  • Founded: 4th century CE
  • Focus: Meditation, visualization, scripture study
  • Legacy: Influenced later Taoist practices significantly

Daily Life in the Temple

The cock crows before dawn, and we rise with the natural rhythm of the cosmos. Our day unfolds like the petals of a lotus:

Pre-dawn (寅时 - Yín Shí, 3-5 AM)

  • Morning ablutions and preparation
  • Silent meditation facing east

Dawn (卯时 - Mǎo Shí, 5-7 AM)

  • Morning prayers and incense offering
  • Recitation of the Tao Te Ching

Morning (辰时 - Chén Shí, 7-9 AM)

  • Community breakfast (simple vegetarian fare)
  • Temple maintenance and gardening

Midday (午时 - Wǔ Shí, 11 AM-1 PM)

  • Study of classical texts
  • Calligraphy practice

Afternoon (未时 - Wèi Shí, 1-3 PM)

  • Receiving visitors and consultations
  • Preparation of herbal medicines

Evening (酉时 - Yǒu Shí, 5-7 PM)

  • Evening prayers and reflection
  • Group discussion of the Way

Sacred Texts and Wisdom

The foundation of our understanding rests upon these pillars of wisdom:

Primary Texts

  • 道德经 (Tao Te Ching) - The fundamental text attributed to Laozi
  • 庄子 (Zhuangzi) - Philosophical writings on naturalness and spontaneity
  • 太平经 (Taiping Jing) - Classic of Great Peace

Daily Recitations

We often contemplate passages such as this from the Tao Te Ching:

"The sage does not attempt anything very big,
and thus achieves greatness."

"Water is fluid, soft, and yielding.
But water will wear away rock,
which cannot yield and is rigid."


The Art of Wu Wei (无为)

Perhaps no concept is more misunderstood by Western visitors than wu wei - often translated as "non-action." This is not laziness or passivity, but rather acting in accordance with the natural flow of events.

Think of a skilled boat captain navigating rapids. He doesn't fight the current but uses its power, making subtle adjustments with his rudder. This is wu wei - effortless action that achieves maximum effect with minimum force.

Practical Applications

  • In governance: Leading by moral example rather than force
  • In medicine: Supporting the body's natural healing processes
  • In relationships: Responding appropriately rather than reactively
  • In cultivation: Allowing spiritual development to unfold naturally

Modern Relevance

In these times of rapid change and technological advancement, the ancient wisdom of the Tao offers a refuge for the weary soul. Many Western seekers come to our mountain retreats seeking what their busy lives cannot provide: inner peace, connection with nature, and understanding of their place in the cosmic order.

The principles we've maintained for over two millennia - simplicity, harmony with nature, inner cultivation, and compassionate service - speak to universal human needs that transcend cultural boundaries.

Contemporary Applications

  • Stress management through meditation and breathing practices
  • Environmental consciousness rooted in Taoist harmony with nature
  • Leadership philosophy based on humility and service
  • Healthcare approaches emphasizing prevention and balance

Conclusion: The Endless Path

As Master Laozi taught us, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." Whether you are a scholar studying Chinese culture, a spiritual seeker exploring alternative paths, or simply someone curious about our traditions, remember that the Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao.

The name Huangfu Tan represents not just an individual, but a lineage of seekers who have dedicated their lives to understanding the mysterious workings of the universe. In our simple robes and quiet contemplation, we carry forward a wisdom that has nourished the human spirit for countless generations.

May your path be clear, and may you find the stillness that reveals the movement of all things.


 

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