When the great Dao is abandoned, benevolence and righteousness arise — in the time of the Great Dao, every family had filial sons and every household had loyal and trustworthy people; benevolence and righteousness were not seen. When the Great Dao is discarded and not practiced, evil and rebelliousness arise, thus giving rise to benevolence and righteousness that can be passed down as a doctrine. When wisdom and knowledge emerge, there is great hypocrisy — a ruler who values wisdom looks down on virtue but esteems words, despises simplicity but prizes ornamentation; those below then respond by practicing great hypocrisy and deceit. When the six relatives are not harmonious, filial piety and parental kindness arise — when the Six Bonds are severed and relatives do not get along, then there is filial piety and paternal kindness to care for one another. When a country is in confusion and disorder, loyal ministers arise — when government orders are unclear, the upper and lower classes resent each other, and crooked people vie for power, then loyal ministers arise to correct their ruler. This means that in a peaceful world, people do not know benevolence; when all are without desire, they do not know integrity; when each cleanses themselves, they do not know chastity. In the era of the Great Dao, benevolence and righteousness vanish; filial piety and parental love are extinguished — like at noon when sunlight is bright, all stars lose their luster.