Tao Te Ching Chapter 71 – 知病 (道德经 第71章)
Paul PengAktie
Tao Te Ching — Chapter 71: The Disease of Knowing
道德经 第七十一章 · 知病 · Lao Tzu · Bilingual Edition with Classical Commentaries
Original Text — 原文
English Translation — James Legge
To know and yet think we do not know is the highest attainment; not to know and yet think we do know is a disease.
It is simply by being pained at the thought of having this disease that we are preserved from it. The sage has not the disease. As shown in Chapter 56, those who know do not speak and those who speak do not know — true knowledge conceals itself. And as Chapter 70 shows, the sage wears coarse cloth while carrying jade within — outwardly unknowing, inwardly luminous. He knows the pain that would be inseparable from the disease of false knowing, and therefore he does not have it.
✦ Key Insight
Chapter 71 is one of the shortest and most concentrated in the Tao Te Ching. Its logic is precise: knowing while appearing not to know is the highest state; not knowing while appearing to know is a disease. The cure is awareness of the disease itself — to feel it as a disease is to be free of it. The sage is free because he is always aware of the danger of false knowing. This is not false modesty but genuine epistemic humility: the recognition that the Dao exceeds all concepts and claims.
Classical Commentaries — 古典注释
王弼注 Wang Bi's Commentary
Wang Bi states that knowing without seeming to know is superior; not knowing while seeming to know is a disease. Recognizing this disease as a disease is the cure. The sage is free from this disease because he recognizes it.
河上公注 Heshang Gong's Commentary
Heshang Gong says knowing the Dao yet claiming ignorance is the highest virtue. The sage hides his penetrating knowledge, feigning ignorance, so that the world may remain simple and honest. The ignorant who insist they know bring harm to themselves.
About the Author
Paul Peng
Paul Peng is a Zhengyi Taoist priest from Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi — the ancestral home of the Celestial Masters' tradition. Ordained at 25 after a dream from the Celestial Master, he has practiced for 25 years under Master Zeng Guangliang. He is the curator of this store, which is officially authorized by Tianshi Fu. All items are consecrated at the temple by the resident priest team.
Read his full story →